Resveratrol

Other names : 3,4',5-stilbenetriol, 3,5,4' -trihydroxystilbene, 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, Cis-Resveratrol, Extrait de Vin, Extrait de Vin Rouge, Kojo-Kon, Phytoalexin, Phytoalexine, Phytoestrogen, Phyto-œstrogène, Pilule de Vin, Protykin, Red Wine Extract, Resvératrol, Resveratrols, Resvératrols, RSV, RSVL, Stilbene Phytoalexin, Trans-Resveratrol, Trans-Resvératrol, Wine Extract, Wine Pill. See also :

• flavonoids
• Anthocyanins
• Japanese Knotweed
• Grape seed extract
• Red Wine
• Grapes
• Peanuts

Content in wines and grape juice

Beverage	Total resveratrol (mg/L)	Total resveratrol (mg/150mL)
Red wine (global)	1.98 – 7.13	0.30 – 1.07
Red wine (Spanish)	1.92 – 12.59	0.29 – 1.89
Red grape juice (Spanish)	1.14 – 8.69	0.17 – 1.30
Rose wine (Spanish)	0.43 – 3.52	0.06 – 0.53
Pinot noir	0.40 – 2.0	0.06 – 0.30
White wine (Spanish)	0.05 – 1.80	0.01 – 0.27

Content in selected foods

Food	Serving	Total resveratrol (mg)
Peanuts (raw)	1 c (146 g)	0.01 – 0.26
Peanuts (boiled)	1 c (180 g)	0.32 – 1.28
Peanut butter	1 c (258 g)	0.04 – 0.13
Red grapes	1 c (160 g)	0.24 – 1.25
Cocoa powder	1 c (200 g)	0.28 – 0.46

Ounce for ounce, peanuts have about half as much resveratrol as red wine.

Other Food Sources

Cranberries, blueberries and pomegranates are also purported to contain resveratrol, but research on these fruits is minimal compared to that of grapes, wine and peanuts. Early research suggests that these foods contain resveratrol in lesser amounts.

Special Precautions of Resveratrol

Researchers administered rats 0, 300, 1000, and 3000 mg trans-resveratrol per kilogram body weight per day for 4 weeks. Most of the adverse or side events occurred in the rats administered 3000 mg per kilogram body weight per day. Signs of toxicity included reduced final body weights and food consumption; elevated BUN, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and albumin; reduced hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell counts; and increased white cell counts. They also observed renal lesions. No adverse or side effects were observed at 300 mg resveratrol per kilogram body weight per day in rats.

• However, resveratrol was found to affect the activity of P450 and increase the absorption of certain drugs such as diltiazem. The intake of high doses of resveratrol can offer serious unwanted side effects for patients on certain types of medications. Resveratrol was also found to delay the recovery of gastric ulcer in an animal study. Finally, resveratrol is also known as a metal chelator, high doses of resveratrol may prevent the absorption of copper or other metals. Copper deficiency can cause muscle issues and even heart failure. Its side effect can be serious!
• Finally, resveratrol may also interact multiple drugs such as statins, erectile dysfunctions meds, calcium channel blockers and more.

The benefits of Resveratrol are

In 1956, the “Grape Stomping” episode of “I Love Lucy,” showed Lucille Ball jumping in a vat of grapes trying to create red wine. And now, laboratory tests have shown resveratrol, an ingredient from red wine, have anti-aging, anti- oxidant and anti-coagulant properties. Resveratrol was first found in 1940 in the roots of a plant called Veratrum grandiflorum. Later on, in 1976, resveratrol was discovered in grapes, and in 1992, resveratrol was also indentified in wine. [13] Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound that may have health benefits on various chronic diseases. It exhibits a wide range of biological effects, including antiplatelet, anti- inflammatory, anticancer, antimutagenic and antifungal properties. This compound is also believed responsible for some of the beneficial effects of moderate red wine drinking on the cardiovascular system. One liter of red wine contains 1.5-3 mg of resveratrol. Resveratrol also exists in grapes. Resveratrol supplements are popular in the US and other countries.

Resveratrol is considered as a dietary phytoalexin. Phyto comes from the word phyton which means a plant, while alexin means to defend. Phytoalexin means plant antibiotic produced by a plant in response to the entry of a disease- producing substance.

• Arthritis :Resveratrol, one of the key ingredients in Yucca, is believed to contribute a part of the health benefits of Yucca. Yucca schidigera Roezl. (Agavaceae) has been traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases including arthritis and rheumatism. Researchers demonstrated that resveratrol inhibited the expression of VEGF, MMP-3, MMP-9 and COX-2 in human articularchondrocytes stimulated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL- 1beta. Furthermore, resveratrol suppressed apoptosis and inflammatory signaling through its actions on the NF-kappaB pathway in human chondrocytes.Resveratrol possessed COX-1 inhibition, COX-2inhibitory potential and an LTB 4 formation inhibitory activity in an in vitro study.Cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis while resveratrol was a potent inhibitor as the antipyretic-analgeticdrug acetaminophen.Intra-articular injections of resveratrol on cartilage and synovium could significantly decreased cartilage destruction in an experimental rabbit inflammatory arthritic model. http://www.zhion.com/phytonutrients/Resveratrol_Arthritis.html
• CANCER : As early as 1997, researchers have proposed to use resveratrol as a cancer-preventive agent. Resveratrol was shown to have anti-cancer activities in assays representing three major stages of carcinogenesis.Resveratrol has been shown to inhibit cancer initiation and promotion. It acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and regulates proteins involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle. Resveratrol also affects the activity of transcriptional factors involved in proliferation and stress responses, such as NF-kB, AP1 and Egr1.Researchers from researchers at Cook County Hospital found that gastric adenocarcinoma cells respond to resveratrol treatment with suppression of DNA synthesis, activation of nitric oxide synthase, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of total PKC and PKC alpha activity. Resveratrol adds to the growth inhibitory/anticancer activity of cisplatin and doxorubicin in vitro and protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity both in vitro and in mice. Researchers found that high-doses of resveratrol triggered apoptosis in five out of six uterine cancer cell lines. Resveratrol exhibited a variety of molecular events in etoposide-based combination therapy in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Resveratrol also induced growth inhibition in T47D human breast cancer cells. Researchers from China Medical University, Taiwan, found resveratrol significantly inhibited growth factor heregulin-beta1 (HRG-beta1)-mediated Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression in human breast cancer cells. Resveratrol significantly reduced the incidence of poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma by 7.7-fold in an animal study. A microarray gene expression study suggested that resveratrol is a potent inhibitor of A549 lung cancer cell growth. However, a phase I study suggests that consumption of high-dose resveratrol might be insufficient to elicit systemic levels commensurate with cancer preventive efficacy. http://www.zhion.com/phytonutrients/Resveratrol_Cancers.html
• Cardiovascular Disease : Resveratrol is a phytoestrogen, potent antioxidant, reactive oxygen species scavenger and metal chelators. Thus, it may have benefits of protection of the cardiovascular system against ischemic-reperfusion injury; it may also protect and maintain the intact endothelium, exhibits antiatherosclerotic properties inhibits the LDL oxidation, suppress the platelet aggregation and exhibits estrogen like action.
• Diabetes: Prediabetics given resveratrol had a 10 percent drop in blood sugar levels, according to research by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
• Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar), a symptom of diabetes mellitus, induces hyperosmotic responses, including apoptosis, in vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes. Hyperosmotic shock elicits a stress response in mammalian cells, often leading to apoptotic cell death. Moreover, resveratrol was found to attenuate high glucose-induced apoptotic changes by virtue of its antioxidant property.Resveratrol administration ameliorates common DM symptoms, such as body weight loss, polyphagia, and polydipsia. In STZ-nicotinamide DM rats, resveratrol administration significantly decreased insulin secretion and delayed the onset of insulin resistance.Researchers, at Boston University Medical Center, revealed inactivation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase was a key event in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in diabetes (based on a study of in type 1 diabetic LDL receptor-deficient mice). They showed that resveratrol could lower lipid levels by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. It was about 200 times the potency of Metformin! http://www.zhion.com/phytonutrients/Resveratrol_Diabetes.html
• Fatty Liver : The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is high.nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is linked to obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia.Approximately 20% of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease will eventually develop cirrhosis. Resveratrol was found to decrease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity in rats. This effect was mediated, at least in part, by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibition and antioxidant activities.
• Resveratrol is protective against several types of viruses, though the means by which protection is accomplished is unknown:
  • Herpes simplex 1 infections.
  • Varicella zoster (chicken pox and shingles)
  • Human cytomegalovirus
  • Epstein-Barr virus
  • Enterovirus type 71 (which can cause paralysis, including the heart)
• Pancreatitis : Because microcirculation occlusion and cytokines over-production is involved in many diseases such as acute pancreatitis, resveratrol as a platelet and cytokines inhibitor may have benefits on acute pancreatitis.
• Liver transplant : Resveratrol has been shown to have an immuno-suppressive property as well as protective effect on hepatocytes under allograft rejection in a study of Wistar rats.
• Kidney Diseases : Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to reduce ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of rat kidney both by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
• Sperm production : In a study, researchers administered 20 mg/(kg . d) of trans-resveratrol for 90 days. Compared to a control group, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules was significantly reduced from 437.5 +/- 0.1 mum in the controls to 310.9 +/- 0.1 mum. This decrease was accompanied by a significant increase in tubular density. Sperm counts were significantly greater in the resveratrol-treated rats than in the control group, but sperm quality did not differ.
• Alzheimer's Disease : Resveratrol may prevent and even treat Alzheimer's disease : resveratrol mops up brain-damaging plaques and free radicals.
• Weight Loss : resveratrol (particularly when combined with soy isoflavones) works on the body in two ways to significantly assist with weight loss efforts: 1) it dramatically reduces cells’ ability to store fat by about 130 percent; and 2) causes fat cells to disintegrate at a rate 246 percent higher than normal.
• Parkinson's Disease (PD) : Resveratrol, a natural compound found in grape skins, appears to confer protection against Parkinson's disease in animal models.
• Improve Brain Power : In a British study, students given resveratrol increased blood flow to their brains by 200 percent. Scientists believe resveratrol can help speed our mental responses.
• Protect Your Skin from Cancer : In numerous studies, resveratrol has had a positive effect on cancer. Research also shows that resveratrol protects the skin from damaging UVB rays of the sun, thereby protecting it against skin cancer.
• Protect Your Body from Radiation : What’s more, this potent nutrient has even been shown to protect the body against radiation therapy when used as an adjunct to radiation treatment of cancer.
• Turn On Your Longevity Gene : In one study, scientists identified resveratrol as a nutrient that activated the human gene for survival and longevity.
• Turn Down Inflammation : Resveratrol works as an anti-inflammatory, which may be one of the reasons it may be effective for heart disease.
• Supports Muscle Recovery : As a potent antioxidant, it supports the cells and organs in eliminating uric acid and other toxins from the body, supporting muscle recovery for athletes.

Main Combinations

skin aging, wrinkles : Borage Seed Oil + Wheat Germ Oil + Goji Berry + Argan Oil + Resveratrol