* Phlomis purpurea, also known as marioilas in Portugal has over 17 different medicinal uses in that country. It is directly ingested to treat gastric pains, and its olive oil decoction is used as an intestinal antispasmodic (Novais et al., 2004). In Spain, this plant is called “matagallos,” and its aerial infusion is frequently used to treat prostate and liver problems (González-Tejero et al., 1995).
* Phlomis lychnitis, named Candilera, is commonly used in Spain as an herbal tea, to treat gastric, intestinal and abdomen pains, as a tonic, sedative, carminative and astringent (Rivera Nú˜nez and Obón De Castro, 1993; Fernández-Oca˜na et al., 1996; Vázquez et al., 1997; Tardio et al., 2006; Pardo de Santayana et al., 2005).
* Antidiabetic activity (in vivo) : Several Phlomis species are recognized for their antidiabetic properties, i.e., Phlomis aurea, Phlomis ocymifolia. Their activity may be due essentially to their ability to protect liver and pancreas integrity by reducing the oxidative stress in diabetes or by stimulating
* Antinociceptive activity (in vivo) : Analgesic properties have been reported for some Phlomis species like Phlomis caucasica, Phlomis fruticosa, Phlomis herba-venti, Phlomis lychnitis. Sarkhail et al. (2003) confirmed the analgesic properties of three Phlomis species and proved their pain reliving activity.
* Antiulcerogenic activity (in vivo) : In Turkey, Spain, Iran, Syria, Greece and Portugal, herbal tea (decoction, infusion) prepared with Phlomis species is commonly used as digestive aid and to treat gastric ulcers and aches. Thus, it is not surprising to find that extracts of Phlomis species are antiulcerogenic. Two different studies have confirmed the gastroprotective activity of Phlomis grandiflora and Phlomis crinita subsp. mauritanica aqueous extract (Gürbüz et al., 2003, Limem-Ben Amor et al., 2009).
* Protection of vascular system : The protective activity of different extracts and compounds isolated from Phlomis pungens var. pungens against free radicalinduced impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation may be related to their free radical scavenging property (Ismailoglu et al., 2002).
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